Tashkent, Uzbekistan (UzDaily.uz) — Natural gas consumption across the five Central Asian countries reached 119.6 billion cubic metres in 2025, up 76% from 2015. Over the same period, the region’s gas exports nearly halved, falling from 89.6 billion to 47.4 billion cubic metres.
The figures were reported by Eni in its World Energy Review 2026, based on data for 2025. Regional totals were calculated using the review’s figures for Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Natural gas production across the region amounted to approximately 140.9 billion cubic metres in 2025, compared with 153.0 billion cubic metres in 2015. Turkmenistan produced 72.48 billion cubic metres, Uzbekistan 40.16 billion and Kazakhstan 28.21 billion.
Uzbekistan was the region’s largest gas consumer, using 54.32 billion cubic metres, or 45% of total regional demand. It was followed by Turkmenistan, with 35.58 billion cubic metres, and Kazakhstan, with 28.82 billion.
On a per capita basis, Turkmenistan had the highest gas consumption at 4,671 cubic metres, followed by Uzbekistan at 1,466 cubic metres and Kazakhstan at 1,382 cubic metres.
Turkmenistan was also the region’s leading gas exporter, supplying 36.89 billion cubic metres abroad, or about 78% of the regional total.
Uzbekistan exported 5.72 billion cubic metres, while Kazakhstan exported 4.77 billion. Kazakhstan’s exports fell by 28% over the year, compared with 20.11 billion cubic metres in 2015.
Regional gas imports totalled approximately 26.1 billion cubic metres, of which 19.88 billion cubic metres went to Uzbekistan.
Kazakhstan imported 5.37 billion cubic metres, Kyrgyzstan 0.64 billion and Tajikistan 0.20 billion.
The region’s gas reserves are concentrated in Turkmenistan, which holds 13,900 billion cubic metres out of the 16,578 billion cubic metres recorded across the five countries.
Kazakhstan’s reserves are estimated at 1,830 billion cubic metres, while Uzbekistan’s stand at 846 billion cubic metres.
In the oil sector, Kazakhstan is by far the region’s largest producer. Its output increased by 11.8% in 2025 to 2.098 million barrels per day, accounting for about 88% of production across the five countries.
Total regional oil production reached approximately 2.385 million barrels per day, up from 2.030 million in 2015. Turkmenistan produced 200,000 barrels per day, Uzbekistan 81,000 and Kyrgyzstan 6,000 barrels per day.
These figures cover oil, including unconventional oil and natural gas liquids.
Kazakhstan exported 1.243 million barrels of oil per day, while Turkmenistan exported 19,000 barrels. Of the region’s total oil reserves of 31,041 million barrels, Kazakhstan accounted for 29,799 million barrels.
Oil consumption across the region increased from 602,000 barrels per day in 2015 to 776,000 barrels per day in 2025.
Wind and solar power generation capacity also expanded significantly.
The region’s installed solar capacity reached approximately 7,359 MW in 2025, compared with 4,417 MW a year earlier, an increase of about 67%. Uzbekistan accounted for 5,934 MW and Kazakhstan for 1,325 MW, while the other Central Asian countries had a combined 100 MW.
The installed wind power capacity of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the two countries for which the review provides data, totalled 3,561 MW, up from approximately 2,021 MW a year earlier. Kazakhstan accounted for 1,909 MW and Uzbekistan for 1,652 MW.
Kazakhstan’s solar and wind power plants generated 2,075 GWh and 5,401 GWh, respectively, in 2025. For Uzbekistan, the review provides only 2024 figures: 3,965 GWh of solar power and 790 GWh of wind power.
CO2 emissions across the five countries totalled approximately 473.5 million tonnes in 2024, compared with 363.8 million tonnes in 2015. Kazakhstan accounted for 243.0 million tonnes, or about 51% of the total, followed by Uzbekistan with 121.8 million tonnes and Turkmenistan with 87.9 million tonnes.
Emissions in Kyrgyzstan amounted to 11.9 million tonnes and in Tajikistan to 8.9 million tonnes. They increased by 28.6% year on year in Kyrgyzstan and by 14.2% in Tajikistan.
The review does not provide emissions data for 2025.
The combined population of the five countries reached 83.6 million in 2025, compared with 69.6 million in 2015. Uzbekistan had the largest population, at 37.1 million, followed by Kazakhstan with 20.8 million, Tajikistan with 10.8 million, Turkmenistan with 7.6 million and Kyrgyzstan with 7.3 million.
The region’s combined real GDP amounted to approximately US$506.7 billion in 2015 prices. Kazakhstan accounted for US$260.3 billion and Uzbekistan for US$152.4 billion.
Kyrgyzstan recorded the fastest economic growth, at 11.1%, followed by Tajikistan at 8.4%, Uzbekistan at 7.7%, Kazakhstan at 6.5% and Turkmenistan at 6.3%.
