Smithsonian Reports Discovery of Lost Silk Road City in Uzbekistan Mountains

Tashkent, Uzbekistan (UzDaily.com) — The American magazine Smithsonian has published findings from extensive archaeological research in Uzbekistan that could reshape understanding of the role of highland regions in the history of the Silk Road.

A joint expedition of Uzbek and American scientists uncovered the ruins of a large medieval city believed to be Marsmanda, mentioned in historical sources.

According to the report, the Tugunbulak site represents a fortified city that existed from the 6th to the 11th century. The settlement, located at approximately 2,000 meters above sea level, covered 120 hectares and was surrounded by substantial defensive walls.

Researchers noted that a key feature of the city was its advanced metallurgy, specializing in iron, weaponry, and tools. The findings suggest that the Silk Road trade route passed not only through major lowland cities but also through highland regions, highlighting the previously underestimated role of pastoral nomads in transcontinental commerce.

Tugunbulak flourished from the 8th to 11th centuries, attracting nomadic traders during summer months. Artifacts uncovered at the site include workshop remnants, ceramics, and luxury items such as silver jewelry and glass beads.

Additional insights came from the nearby medieval cemetery of Tashbulak, located five kilometers from the city. Archaeologists documented more than 650 burials conducted according to Islamic rites, indicating the early spread of Islam into the mountainous areas of the region.